Anti-Asthmatic Drugs Mechanism of Action

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According to the Mayoclinic:


Asthma is a condition in which your airways narrow and swell and produce extra mucus. This can make breathing difficult and trigger coughing, wheezing and shortness of breath.


Classification of anti-asthmatic drugs:


   1. Beta2-adrenoceptor agonists

        Short acting & Long acting

                2. Corticosteroids
               3. Antimuscarinic bronchodilators
               4. Theophylline



Beta2-adrenoceptor agonists:

       A. Short acting:

Beta2-adrenoceptor agonists relieve asthma by relaxing the bronchial smooth muscle to produce dilatation of the bronchi. They are available in form of pills, liquids, inhalants and sprays.

Example: Salbutamol and Terbutaline.

      B. Long acting:

Long-acting beta2-adrenoceptor agonists exert a prolonged effect on reversing airway obstruction. These medicines should be used for the shortest duration of time required to achieve control of asthma symptoms and discontinue, if possible, once asthma control is achieved.

Note: Only be used long-term in patients whose asthma cannot be adequately controlled on asthma controller medications. They are used in combination with corticosteroids to prevent inflammation of the bronchi in chronic asthma patients.

Examples: Formoterol and Salmeterol.



Corticosteroids:


Corticosteroids exert anti-inflammatory effect and are used to reduce bronchial hyperresponsiveness.

Examples: Prednisolone, Beclomethasone.


Antimuscarinic bronchodilators:

        
       Ipratropium block acetylcholine receptor

Degradation of intracellular cGMP  concentration

Decreased contractility of smooth muscle in the lung

     Inhibition bronchoconstriction and mucus secretion. 


Theophylline 

Theophylline has two distict actions in the airways of patients with reversible obstruction; smooth muscle relaxation (bronchodilation) and suppression of the response of th e airways to stimuli (non-bronchodilator prophylactic effects).


   
       Note: Bold indicate easily summarized the sentence.



       If you have any  opinion Please, comments ...

 Data accumulated & compiled by:
Dewan Pavel (M. PHARM)
       Mundipharma (Bangladesh) Pvt. Ltd.
       Officer, Quality Assurance.




 

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