Anti-Asthmatic Drugs Mechanism of Action

By -


According to the Mayoclinic:


Asthma is a condition in which your airways narrow and swell and produce extra mucus. This can make breathing difficult and trigger coughing, wheezing and shortness of breath.


Classification of anti-asthmatic drugs:


   1. Beta2-adrenoceptor agonists

        Short acting & Long acting

                2. Corticosteroids
               3. Antimuscarinic bronchodilators
               4. Theophylline



Beta2-adrenoceptor agonists:

       A. Short acting:

Beta2-adrenoceptor agonists relieve asthma by relaxing the bronchial smooth muscle to produce dilatation of the bronchi. They are available in form of pills, liquids, inhalants and sprays.

Example: Salbutamol and Terbutaline.

      B. Long acting:

Long-acting beta2-adrenoceptor agonists exert a prolonged effect on reversing airway obstruction. These medicines should be used for the shortest duration of time required to achieve control of asthma symptoms and discontinue, if possible, once asthma control is achieved.

Note: Only be used long-term in patients whose asthma cannot be adequately controlled on asthma controller medications. They are used in combination with corticosteroids to prevent inflammation of the bronchi in chronic asthma patients.

Examples: Formoterol and Salmeterol.



Corticosteroids:


Corticosteroids exert anti-inflammatory effect and are used to reduce bronchial hyperresponsiveness.

Examples: Prednisolone, Beclomethasone.


Antimuscarinic bronchodilators:

        
       Ipratropium block acetylcholine receptor

Degradation of intracellular cGMP  concentration

Decreased contractility of smooth muscle in the lung

     Inhibition bronchoconstriction and mucus secretion. 


Theophylline 

Theophylline has two distict actions in the airways of patients with reversible obstruction; smooth muscle relaxation (bronchodilation) and suppression of the response of th e airways to stimuli (non-bronchodilator prophylactic effects).


   
       Note: Bold indicate easily summarized the sentence.



       If you have any  opinion Please, comments ...

 Data accumulated & compiled by:
Dewan Pavel (M. PHARM)
       Mundipharma (Bangladesh) Pvt. Ltd.
       Officer, Quality Assurance.




 

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Cleaning Validation | Campaign Cleaning Validation (CCV)

By -
Image
When the product demand does not allow for a complete clean up after each batch, a campaign cleaning validation must be conducted.   A back to back cleaning is performed between batches in a campaign, and a complete cleaning at the end of a campaign. Sampling of the equipment is performed after the last batch in a campaign, and all test results must meet predetermined acceptance criteria as per campaign cleaning validation protocol.   Samples for residual active may be taken after back to back cleanings where possible, for information only . Microbiology samples may be taken after back to back cleanings in a campaign to ensure that there is no excessive microbial growth on the equipment.
Read more

Blending | Effective Sampling During Process Validation | Optimize Sampling Location

By -
Image
Important of sampling during blending: Sampling plays a great role in achieving the accurate results of analysis. Sampling must and procedure must be defined in validation protocols and training should be provided to the concerned staff before the validation activities start. Samples are representative of the whole batch. So it should be handled and weight carefully because segregation may occur during weighing and transpiration. Sample quantity should not be more than the required and whole mass sample should be used in the analysis. Fig: Blending Machine Sampling for blend: Blends are tested for their homogeneity. Homogeneity of the blend is critical for the quality of the final product. The sample should be taken from at least 10 locations in the blender. The sampling location should be selected according to the difficulty of the blending. Ares of poor blending must be covered in sampling. Corners and discharged point must have...
Read more

Bradford Protein Assay for determining protein concentration

By -
Image
Principle: The Bradford protein assay is used to measure the concentration of total protein in a sample. The principle of this assay is that the binding of protein molecules to Coomassie dye under acidic conditions results in a color change from brown to blue. This method actually measures the presence of the basic amino acid residues, arginine, lysine and histidine, which contributes to formation of the protein-dye complex. Unlike the BCA assay, reducing agents ( i.e. DTT and beta—mercaptoethanol) and metal chelators ( i.e. EDTA, EGTA) at low concentration do not cause interference. However, the presence of SDS even at low concentrations can interfere with protein-dye binding. Materials and Reagents Bovine Serum Abumin (BSA) (Sigma-Aldrich) Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 (Sigma-Aldrich, catalog number: 27815 ) Methanol Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) Bradford reagent (see Recipes) Equipment Spectrophotometer (Tecan) Whatman #1 paper (Whatman) Procedure ...
Read more